CH:10 Disaster Management Solutions Class 10th | Disaster Management Questions And Answers SSC Class 10
Complete the table.
| Disaster | Symptoms | Effects | Remedy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Motor accident | Vehicle collision, injuries | Loss of life, property damage | Follow traffic rules, wear seatbelts |
| Land sliding | Ground movement, cracks | Destruction of homes, loss of life | Avoid deforestation, proper drainage systems |
| Forest fire | Smoke, high flames | Loss of wildlife, destruction of forest | Firebreaks, controlled burning |
| Theft | Unauthorized entry, stolen items | Financial loss, insecurity | Install CCTV, strengthen security |
| Riot | Violent protests, arson | Public disorder, injuries | Police control, legal actions |
| War | Armed conflict, destruction | Mass casualties, economic crisis | Diplomatic resolutions, peace talks |
| Epidemic | Rapid disease spread | High mortality rate, overwhelmed hospitals | Vaccination, hygiene maintenance |
| Drought | Scarcity of water, dry lands | Agricultural loss, starvation | Water conservation, rainwater harvesting |
| Locust attack | Swarm of locusts, crop damage | Food shortage, economic crisis | Pesticide spraying, early monitoring |
| Financial crisis | Market collapse, inflation | Job loss, poverty | Government policies, financial planning |
| Flood | Heavy rainfall, water overflow | Loss of property, diseases | Drainage systems, flood control measures |
| Famine | Extreme food shortage | Malnutrition, high mortality | Food supply management, agricultural reforms |
Write notes on Disaster Management Authority.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Disaster Management Authority (DMA) is a government organization responsible for planning, coordinating, and implementing measures to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. It operates at national, state, and district levels.
Functions of Disaster Management Authority:
- Formulating policies for disaster preparedness and response.
- Coordinating rescue and relief operations.
- Conducting awareness programs and training sessions.
- Developing infrastructure to reduce disaster impact.
- Monitoring and assessing disaster risks.
- Collaborating with national and international agencies.
In India, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) was established under the Disaster Management Act, 2005. It is chaired by the Prime Minister and is responsible for disaster planning and mitigation across the country.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
The Disaster Management Authority (DMA) is an organization that helps to prepare for and manage disasters like floods, earthquakes, and cyclones. It ensures people’s safety by making plans, training rescue teams, and providing relief after disasters.
Key Roles of DMA:
- Creating plans to handle disasters.
- Helping people during emergencies.
- Spreading awareness on disaster safety.
- Working with different agencies to improve disaster response.
In India, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) leads disaster management efforts to reduce damage and save lives.
Write notes on the Nature of Disaster Management.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Disaster Management refers to systematic planning, organization, and implementation of measures to minimize the impact of disasters. It involves preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation strategies.
Nature of Disaster Management:
- Prevention: Taking measures to reduce disaster risks (e.g., building strong infrastructure).
- Preparedness: Training people and planning for disasters (e.g., mock drills).
- Response: Immediate actions during a disaster (e.g., rescue and relief operations).
- Recovery: Rebuilding after a disaster (e.g., rehabilitating affected areas).
- Mitigation: Reducing the severity of disasters (e.g., early warning systems).
- Multi-disciplinary Approach: Requires coordination between different organizations and experts.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Disaster management is a process that helps in reducing the damage caused by natural or man-made disasters. It includes planning, rescue operations, and helping affected people recover.
Main Features of Disaster Management:
- Prepares people to handle disasters.
- Provides quick response and help during emergencies.
- Works on rebuilding after disasters.
- Spreads awareness to reduce future risks.
Effective disaster management helps save lives and minimize damage.
Write notes on Mock Drill.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
A Mock Drill is a practice exercise conducted to prepare people for emergencies like fires, earthquakes, floods, and industrial accidents. It helps in testing the efficiency of disaster response plans and improving coordination among rescue teams.
Objectives of Mock Drills:
- Evaluate emergency preparedness and response.
- Identify weaknesses in disaster management plans.
- Train individuals and organizations for quick and effective action.
- Reduce panic during actual disasters.
- Improve communication and coordination among rescue agencies.
Mock drills are conducted in schools, offices, factories, and public places to enhance public awareness and preparedness.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
A Mock Drill is a practice event where people learn what to do during an emergency like a fire or earthquake. It helps in preparing them for real-life disasters.
Why are Mock Drills Important?
- They teach people how to stay safe during emergencies.
- They help rescue teams respond quickly.
- They reduce panic during real disasters.
- They make sure everyone knows their roles in an emergency.
Mock drills are held in schools, offices, and public places to ensure safety during disasters.
Write notes on Disaster Management Act, 2005.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
The Disaster Management Act, 2005 is a law enacted by the Indian government to establish a systematic approach to disaster preparedness, response, and mitigation. It provides a legal framework for disaster risk reduction and management at national, state, and district levels.
Key Provisions of the Disaster Management Act, 2005:
- Establishment of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), headed by the Prime Minister.
- Creation of State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMA) and District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMA).
- Emphasis on preparedness, mitigation, and risk reduction.
- Allocation of funds for disaster relief and rehabilitation.
- Promotion of awareness and capacity building.
- Legal provisions for penalties in case of negligence in disaster management.
This Act ensures an organized and scientific approach to handling disasters in India.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
The Disaster Management Act, 2005 is a law made by the Indian government to help people during disasters like floods, earthquakes, and cyclones. It ensures that proper plans are in place to handle emergencies.
Important Points:
- It created the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) to manage disasters.
- Each state and district also has its own disaster management teams.
- It focuses on being ready before disasters happen.
- It ensures proper help and relief for affected people.
- It spreads awareness to reduce disaster risks.
This law helps in keeping people safe and reducing the impact of disasters.
Explain the role of district disaster control unit after occurrence of any disaster.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
The District Disaster Control Unit plays a crucial role in managing disaster situations at the district level. It works under the guidance of the District Collector and in coordination with state and national disaster management authorities.
Roles and Responsibilities:
- Immediate Response: Activates emergency rescue and relief teams.
- Medical Assistance: Provides medical aid and sets up emergency healthcare camps.
- Coordination: Works with government agencies, NGOs, and local authorities.
- Relief Distribution: Ensures food, water, shelter, and essential supplies reach the affected people.
- Restoration: Helps in restoring communication, transportation, and basic utilities.
- Damage Assessment: Evaluates the impact of the disaster and plans for rehabilitation.
- Awareness and Communication: Spreads information about safety measures.
- Law and Order: Maintains peace and prevents unlawful activities during disasters.
The District Disaster Control Unit ensures a coordinated and efficient response to minimize loss of life and property.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
The District Disaster Control Unit is responsible for helping people after a disaster like a flood, earthquake, or fire. It is led by the District Collector and works with rescue teams.
Main Responsibilities:
- Helps rescue people in danger.
- Provides medical treatment to injured people.
- Gives food, water, and shelter to affected people.
- Restores roads, electricity, and communication.
- Checks how much damage has happened and plans for rebuilding.
- Maintains peace and security in affected areas.
This unit ensures that help reaches people quickly and effectively after any disaster.
Give the reasons for increase in human disasters after World War-II.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
After World War-II, there was a significant rise in human-made disasters due to rapid industrialization, geopolitical tensions, and environmental degradation.
Reasons for Increase in Human Disasters:
- Technological Advancements: Growth in nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons increased disaster risks.
- Urbanization: Overcrowding in cities led to unsafe buildings, pollution, and poor infrastructure.
- Industrialization: Increased industries led to accidents like gas leaks, oil spills, and chemical explosions.
- Wars and Conflicts: Political instability and Cold War tensions led to regional conflicts and destruction.
- Environmental Damage: Deforestation, pollution, and climate change caused floods, droughts, and landslides.
- Population Growth: More people meant higher demand for resources, leading to exploitation and disasters.
- Cyber Threats: The rise of digital technology brought cyber-attacks, data theft, and hacking risks.
- Negligence in Safety: Lack of disaster planning in industries and cities led to frequent accidents.
All these factors contributed to an increase in human-induced disasters, affecting lives and economies worldwide.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
After World War-II, the number of disasters caused by humans increased due to rapid development and new technologies.
Why did human disasters increase?
- New Weapons: Countries started making nuclear and chemical weapons.
- More Factories: Industries increased, causing pollution and accidents.
- Big Cities: Overcrowded cities led to unsafe buildings and poor planning.
- Wars and Conflicts: Many countries kept fighting, causing destruction.
- Environmental Damage: Cutting trees and pollution led to natural disasters.
- More People: Growing population put pressure on land and resources.
- Computer Hacking: The rise of the internet brought cybercrimes.
- Poor Safety Rules: Many places did not have proper safety measures.
Because of these reasons, human-made disasters increased after World War-II.
Which are the objectives of disaster management?
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Disaster Management refers to organized planning and measures to prevent, mitigate, respond to, and recover from disasters effectively.
Objectives of Disaster Management:
- Prevention: Reduce the risk of disasters through early warning systems and proper planning.
- Preparedness: Train people, conduct mock drills, and keep emergency supplies ready.
- Response: Provide immediate help, rescue operations, and medical aid after a disaster.
- Recovery: Restore normal life by rebuilding homes, infrastructure, and services.
- Risk Reduction: Implement policies to reduce the long-term impact of disasters.
- Rehabilitation: Support affected people by providing financial and emotional assistance.
- Coordination: Improve teamwork between government, NGOs, and communities.
- Public Awareness: Educate people about disaster preparedness and response.
By achieving these objectives, disaster management helps protect lives, property, and the environment.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Disaster Management is about preparing for disasters, reducing their effects, and helping people recover.
Main Objectives:
- Stop Disasters: Take steps to prevent them.
- Be Ready: Train people and keep emergency supplies.
- Help Quickly: Rescue people and provide medical help.
- Fix Damage: Rebuild houses, roads, and hospitals.
- Reduce Risks: Plan better to avoid future problems.
- Support Victims: Give money and mental support.
- Work Together: Government and people should cooperate.
- Spread Awareness: Teach people how to stay safe.
These steps help save lives and reduce damage during disasters.
Why is it essential to get the training of first aid?
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
First Aid refers to the immediate medical assistance given to an injured or sick person before professional medical help arrives.
Importance of First Aid Training:
- Immediate Response: Helps in saving lives during emergencies.
- Prevents Worsening: Stops a minor injury from becoming severe.
- Reduces Recovery Time: Quick action can speed up healing.
- Reduces Pain: Basic treatment can provide relief before medical help arrives.
- Handles Medical Emergencies: Helps deal with burns, fractures, choking, etc.
- Prepares for Disasters: Essential for handling accidents, earthquakes, and fires.
- Boosts Confidence: Trained people can help others effectively.
- Encourages Community Safety: More trained people mean better emergency handling.
First aid training is crucial for ensuring quick and effective response in emergencies.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
First Aid is the help given to an injured person before a doctor arrives.
Why is first aid training important?
- Saves Lives: Helps in emergencies like heart attacks or accidents.
- Stops Injuries from Getting Worse: Prevents bleeding and infections.
- Reduces Pain: Simple treatments can make the person feel better.
- Quick Recovery: The faster help is given, the better the healing.
- Helps in Disasters: Useful in earthquakes, floods, and fires.
- Builds Confidence: Trained people can handle emergencies.
First aid training makes people ready to help in any emergency.
Which different methods are used for transportation of patients? Why?
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
In medical emergencies, different patient transportation methods are used based on the condition of the patient and the severity of the situation.
Methods of Patient Transportation:
- Walking Assist: Used for conscious patients with minor injuries.
- Two-Person Carry: For semi-conscious or weak patients who cannot walk.
- Stretcher Transport: Used for patients with fractures, severe injuries, or unconsciousness.
- Wheeled Stretcher: Common in hospitals and ambulances for ease of movement.
- Chair Carry: Used in narrow spaces like staircases.
- Ambulance: Fast transport for serious patients to hospitals.
- Air Ambulance: Used in emergencies for long-distance or critical patients.
- Boat Rescue: Used in floods and water-related disasters.
Why Different Methods?
- To ensure safe and comfortable transport.
- To prevent worsening of the patient’s condition.
- To provide quick access to medical treatment.
- To handle different emergency situations effectively.
Choosing the right transport method helps save lives and ensures proper medical care.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
There are many ways to carry injured or sick people to the hospital, depending on how serious their condition is.
Common Methods:
- Walking Assist: If the person can walk with help.
- Two-Person Carry: If the person is weak but conscious.
- Stretcher: For people who are hurt badly and cannot move.
- Wheeled Stretcher: For easy movement in hospitals.
- Chair Carry: Used in small spaces like stairs.
- Ambulance: The best way to take serious patients to hospitals.
- Air Ambulance: Used when hospitals are far away.
- Boat Rescue: Used in flood situations.
Why do we use different methods?
- To make sure the patient is safe.
- To prevent more injuries.
- To get quick medical help.
- To handle different situations properly.
Using the right method can help save a patient’s life.
On the basis of the structure of disaster management authority, form the same for your school.
Every school should have a School Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) to ensure student safety during emergencies. Below is a sample structure:
Structure of School Disaster Management Authority (SDMA):
- Principal: Chief of Disaster Management (Overall responsibility).
- Teachers' Committee: Includes teachers trained in first aid, evacuation, and emergency response.
- Student Task Force: Selected students to assist in drills and emergency situations.
- Medical Team: Handles first aid and medical emergencies.
- Fire and Safety Team: Ensures fire extinguishers and safety exits are functional.
- Evacuation Team: Plans and conducts evacuation drills.
- Communication Team: Maintains contact with parents, local authorities, and emergency services.
- Security Team: Manages crowd control and keeps entry/exit points secure.
Functions of School Disaster Management Authority:
- Conducts regular mock drills for fire, earthquakes, and other disasters.
- Ensures proper placement of fire extinguishers, first aid kits, and emergency exits.
- Prepares an emergency contact list.
- Trains students and staff in first aid and evacuation procedures.
- Collaborates with local disaster management authorities.
Implementing this structure ensures that the school is prepared to handle any disaster effectively.
Write down the reasons, effects, and remedial measures taken for any two disasters experienced by you.
Disaster 1: Flood
Reasons:
- Heavy rainfall for several days.
- Poor drainage system leading to waterlogging.
- Overflow of nearby rivers and lakes.
Effects:
- Flooded roads and houses.
- Damage to property and infrastructure.
- Spread of waterborne diseases.
Remedial Measures Taken:
- Evacuation of affected areas.
- Distribution of food, water, and medicines.
- Repairing drainage systems to prevent future floods.
Disaster 2: Earthquake
Reasons:
- Sudden movement of tectonic plates.
- Fault lines in the region.
- Human activities like mining and construction.
Effects:
- Collapse of buildings and roads.
- Injuries and loss of life.
- Disruption of communication and transportation.
Remedial Measures Taken:
- Rescue operations to save trapped people.
- Emergency shelters for affected families.
- Building earthquake-resistant structures.
By understanding these disasters, we can take better preventive and remedial actions in the future.
Which different aspects of disaster management would you check for your school? Why?
Disaster management in schools ensures the safety of students and staff during emergencies. The following aspects should be checked:
1. Fire Safety Measures:
- Are fire extinguishers available and functional?
- Are emergency exits clearly marked?
- Are fire drills conducted regularly?
2. Earthquake Preparedness:
- Are school buildings earthquake-resistant?
- Do students and staff know how to "Drop, Cover, and Hold"?
- Are evacuation routes planned?
3. First Aid and Medical Facilities:
- Is there a first aid kit in every classroom?
- Are teachers trained in basic first aid?
- Is there an emergency contact list?
4. Flood and Cyclone Safety:
- Is the school located in a flood-prone area?
- Are emergency shelters designated?
- Is there a proper drainage system?
5. Security and Evacuation Plan:
- Is there a clear evacuation plan displayed?
- Are mock drills conducted?
- Are security guards trained in handling emergencies?
Why are these aspects important?
- They ensure the safety of students and staff.
- They help prevent injuries and damage during disasters.
- They make the school more prepared for any emergency.
Checking these aspects ensures that schools can respond effectively to disasters, protecting lives and minimizing risks.
Identify the type of disaster: Terrorism
Type of Disaster: Man-made Disaster
Explanation: Terrorism is a human-induced disaster that involves violent acts intended to create fear and cause destruction to life, property, and national security.
Identify the type of disaster: Soil Erosion
Type of Disaster: Environmental Disaster
Explanation: Soil erosion occurs due to natural factors like wind, water, and human activities such as deforestation and overgrazing, leading to land degradation.
Identify the type of disaster: Hepatitis
Type of Disaster: Biological Disaster
Explanation: Hepatitis is an infectious disease caused by viruses, contaminated water, or unhygienic conditions, affecting human health on a large scale.
Identify the type of disaster: Forest Fire
Type of Disaster: Natural Disaster
Explanation: Forest fires are caused by natural factors like lightning, high temperatures, and human activities such as illegal burning and deforestation.
Identify the type of disaster: Famine
Type of Disaster: Socio-Economic Disaster
Explanation: Famine is caused by droughts, crop failures, economic instability, and poor food distribution, leading to starvation and malnutrition.
Identify the type of disaster: Theft
Type of Disaster: Man-made Disaster
Explanation: Theft is a human-induced disaster that affects individuals and society, leading to financial loss and security concerns.
Some symbols are given below. Explain those symbols. Which disasters may occur if those symbols are ignored?
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Hazard symbols are standardized warning signs used to indicate potential dangers associated with chemical substances. These symbols help in preventing industrial accidents, environmental hazards, and health-related issues. Below is an explanation of the symbols:
| Symbol | Meaning | Possible Disasters if Ignored |
|---|---|---|
| 💥 | Explosive: Indicates substances that may detonate under heat or pressure. | Industrial blasts, bomb explosions, destruction of property. |
| 🔥 | Flammable: Substances that catch fire easily when exposed to heat or sparks. | Fire hazards, gas leaks leading to explosions. |
| 🔆 | Oxidizing: Substances that can enhance combustion, increasing fire risks. | Uncontrolled fires, chemical reactions causing explosions. |
| 🏭 | Compressed Gas: Gases stored under pressure, which can explode if damaged. | Cylinder explosions, suffocation hazards in enclosed spaces. |
| ⚠️ | Corrosive: Chemicals that can damage skin, eyes, and materials. | Severe burns, damage to buildings, water contamination. |
| ☠️ | Toxic: Poisonous substances that can harm humans and animals. | Poisoning, contamination of water and food supplies. |
| ❗ | Irritant: Substances that cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. | Allergic reactions, respiratory diseases, skin disorders. |
| 🌱 | Environmentally Hazardous: Chemicals that harm wildlife and ecosystems. | Water and soil pollution, destruction of biodiversity. |
| ⚕️ | Health Hazard: Substances causing long-term health issues like cancer. | Chronic illnesses, genetic mutations, occupational diseases. |
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Hazard symbols warn us about dangerous chemicals and materials. If we ignore them, serious accidents can happen. Here’s what each symbol means and why we should be careful:
- 💥 Explosive: Can explode if not handled properly, leading to blasts and injuries.
- 🔥 Flammable: Catches fire easily, which can cause house and factory fires.
- 🔆 Oxidizing: Makes other materials burn faster, increasing fire risks.
- 🏭 Compressed Gas: Pressurized gas that can burst and cause injuries.
- ⚠️ Corrosive: Can burn skin and damage materials like metal.
- ☠️ Toxic: Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or touched, leading to poisoning.
- ❗ Irritant: Causes itching, rashes, and breathing problems.
- 🌱 Environmental Hazard: Pollutes water, air, and soil, harming plants and animals.
- ⚕️ Health Hazard: Can cause serious diseases like cancer and lung problems.
Ignoring these symbols can lead to disasters like explosions, fires, pollution, poisoning, and long-term health problems. Always follow safety instructions!
Why is it said that "Mock drill is useful"?
Solution:
A mock drill is a practice exercise conducted to prepare people for emergency situations. It helps in improving awareness, response time, and coordination among individuals and authorities during disasters.
Reasons why a mock drill is useful:
- Prepares people for real disasters: Mock drills create a real-life emergency simulation, training individuals on how to act quickly.
- Reduces panic and confusion: When people are trained, they remain calm and follow safety procedures during actual disasters.
- Improves response time: Regular drills help in reducing reaction time, leading to a more effective disaster response.
- Identifies weaknesses: Authorities can find flaws in their disaster management plans and improve them accordingly.
- Enhances teamwork and coordination: It ensures that people know their roles and responsibilities in an emergency.
Thus, mock drills are useful because they help in creating a well-prepared community, reducing risks, and saving lives during actual disasters.
Why is it said that "Effective disaster management makes us well prepared for the future"?
Solution:
Disaster management is a process that involves preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery to deal with natural and human-made disasters. Effective disaster management helps in reducing risks and ensuring safety.
Reasons why effective disaster management prepares us for the future:
- Minimizes loss of life and property: Proper planning and early warning systems reduce casualties and destruction.
- Develops resilience: Communities and governments become more prepared to face future disasters with minimal damage.
- Ensures quick recovery: Disaster management strategies help in restoring normalcy faster after a disaster.
- Reduces financial losses: Preventive measures lower economic damages caused by disasters.
- Promotes environmental sustainability: Disaster management includes conservation efforts to protect natural resources.
Therefore, effective disaster management ensures that individuals, communities, and authorities are well-prepared to handle future emergencies efficiently and effectively.
Complete the following chart.
Solution:
Following is the picture of a disaster. How will be your pre-and post-disaster management in case you face this disaster?
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Disaster management consists of pre-disaster and post-disaster measures to minimize damage and ensure recovery. The images represent different types of disasters such as gas leakage, physical violence, flood, and tornado or cyclone.
1. Gas Leakage (Image a)
Pre-Disaster Management:
- Ensure proper maintenance of gas cylinders and pipelines.
- Install gas leak detectors in homes and industries.
- Educate people about safety measures like turning off the regulator after use.
Post-Disaster Management:
- Evacuate the area and open all windows for ventilation.
- Do not use electric switches or flames.
- Call emergency services and ensure medical aid if anyone is affected.
2. Physical Violence (Image b)
Pre-Disaster Management:
- Promote awareness and conflict resolution techniques.
- Encourage schools and workplaces to implement anti-bullying programs.
- Teach self-defense techniques for personal safety.
Post-Disaster Management:
- Provide medical aid to injured individuals.
- Involve authorities and legal action to prevent recurrence.
- Offer psychological counseling to victims and ensure justice.
3. Flood (Image c)
Pre-Disaster Management:
- Build houses on higher ground and improve drainage systems.
- Prepare an emergency kit with food, water, and medicines.
- Educate people about evacuation routes and emergency contacts.
Post-Disaster Management:
- Evacuate to safer areas and seek rescue support.
- Ensure clean drinking water to prevent diseases.
- Rebuild infrastructure and provide financial aid to affected families.
4. Tornado or Cyclone (Image d)
Pre-Disaster Management:
- Monitor weather forecasts and issue early warnings.
- Construct strong buildings with wind-resistant features.
- Establish emergency shelters in cyclone-prone areas.
Post-Disaster Management:
- Provide food, water, and medical aid to survivors.
- Clear debris and restore power lines and communication.
- Support rebuilding efforts and implement better disaster management strategies.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Disasters can be prevented by planning and reduced by taking quick actions. Here’s what to do before and after a disaster:
- Gas Leakage: Before - Check gas pipes; After - Open windows, leave the house.
- Physical Violence: Before - Learn self-defense; After - Report to authorities.
- Flood: Before - Store food, find safe areas; After - Move to higher ground.
- Cyclone: Before - Stay indoors, follow warnings; After - Help rescue teams.
For example, during a cyclone, people should stay in a safe place and listen to weather updates for further instructions.