CH:6 Animal Classification Solutions Class 10th | Animal Classification Questions And Answers SSC Class 10
Identify me. I am diploblastic & acoelomate. Which phylum do I belong to?
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Diploblastic animals have two germ layers: the ectoderm and the endoderm, while acoelomates lack a body cavity (coelom). Based on these characteristics, the correct phylum is Cnidaria.
Organisms in this phylum exhibit the following characteristics:
- They have radial symmetry.
- The body is made up of two layers: an outer ectoderm and an inner endoderm.
- They are mostly aquatic and include organisms like jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals.
- They possess specialized stinging cells called nematocysts used for defense and capturing prey.
Examples: Hydra, Jellyfish, Sea anemones, Corals.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
The animal belongs to the phylum Cnidaria.
Here’s why:
- It has only two layers in its body (diploblastic).
- It does not have a body cavity (acoelomate).
- It lives in water and can be found as jellyfish, corals, or sea anemones.
- Some of these animals have tiny stinging cells to catch their food.
Example: A jellyfish is a common cnidarian!
Identify me. My body is radially symmetrical. A water vascular system is present in my body. I am referred to as a fish though I am not. What is my name?
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
The given characteristics match the organism Starfish (Asteroidea), which belongs to the phylum Echinodermata.
Scientific Explanation:
- Radial symmetry means its body parts are arranged around a central axis.
- The water vascular system helps in movement, respiration, and food capture.
- Although it is called a "fish," it is not a true fish because it lacks a backbone.
- Echinoderms are exclusively marine organisms.
Example: Starfish (Asterias), Sea urchin.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
The answer is Starfish. It belongs to the phylum Echinodermata.
Here’s why:
- Its body is shaped in a circular way (radial symmetry).
- It has a special water-based system that helps it move and catch food.
- Even though it is called a fish, it is not really a fish.
- It lives only in seawater.
Example: Starfish is the most common echinoderm!
Identify me. I live in your small intestine. Pseudocoelom is present in my thread-like body. In which phylum will you include me?
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
The described organism is an Ascaris (Roundworm), which belongs to the phylum Nematoda.
Scientific Explanation:
- Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is not fully lined with mesoderm.
- They are unsegmented, cylindrical, and taper at both ends.
- They are parasites and can be found inside the intestines of humans and animals.
- They reproduce sexually and show bilateral symmetry.
Example: Ascaris lumbricoides (Roundworm), Filarial worm.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
The answer is Roundworm (Ascaris), and it belongs to the phylum Nematoda.
Here’s why:
- It has a tube-shaped body that looks like a thread.
- It lives in the small intestine of humans and animals.
- It has a simple body structure but has a cavity inside (pseudocoelom).
- It is a parasite, meaning it lives inside a host and takes food from it.
Example: The roundworm is a common parasite found in the human intestine.
Identify me. Though I am multicellular, there are no tissues in my body. What is the name of my phylum?
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
The organism described belongs to the phylum Porifera.
Scientific Explanation:
- Porifera are the simplest multicellular animals.
- They do not have true tissues or organs.
- They have a porous body structure that helps in water circulation.
- They are mainly marine organisms and are non-motile (sessile).
Example: Sponges (Sycon, Spongilla).
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
The answer is Porifera (Sponges).
Here’s why:
- These animals are multicellular, but their cells are not organized into tissues.
- They have many tiny holes (pores) on their body.
- They live in water and stay fixed in one place.
- They take in water through small holes to get oxygen and food.
Example: Sponges are commonly found in oceans.
Write the characters of each of the following animals with the help of a classification chart: Bath sponge, grasshopper, rohu, penguin, frog, lizard, elephant, jellyfish.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
The following table classifies and describes each of the given animals based on their characteristics.
| Animal | Phylum | Class | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bath sponge | Porifera | Not applicable | Multicellular, porous body, no true tissues, marine habitat, filter feeders. |
| Grasshopper | Arthropoda | Insecta | Three body parts (head, thorax, abdomen), six legs, exoskeleton, compound eyes, terrestrial. |
| Rohu | Chordata | Osteichthyes (Bony Fish) | Aquatic, gills for respiration, cold-blooded, streamlined body, fins for movement. |
| Penguin | Chordata | Aves (Birds) | Warm-blooded, feathers, modified wings for swimming, lays eggs, lives in cold regions. |
| Frog | Chordata | Amphibia | Cold-blooded, lives in water and land, moist skin, undergoes metamorphosis, external fertilization. |
| Lizard | Chordata | Reptilia | Cold-blooded, dry scaly skin, breathes through lungs, lays eggs, terrestrial. |
| Elephant | Chordata | Mammalia | Warm-blooded, has hair, gives birth to young ones, breathes through lungs, herbivorous. |
| Jellyfish | Cnidaria | Not applicable | Radial symmetry, soft body, tentacles with stinging cells, aquatic habitat. |
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Here’s a simplified version of the classification:
- Bath sponge (Porifera): Lives in water, has holes in its body, and does not have a brain.
- Grasshopper (Arthropoda - Insect): Has six legs, hard outer body, and can jump.
- Rohu (Chordata - Fish): Lives in water, breathes through gills, has fins for swimming.
- Penguin (Chordata - Bird): A bird that cannot fly but swims in water and lives in cold places.
- Frog (Chordata - Amphibian): Lives in water when young and on land when grown, has moist skin.
- Lizard (Chordata - Reptile): Has dry skin, lays eggs, and lives mostly on land.
- Elephant (Chordata - Mammal): Gives birth to babies, has hair on its body, and breathes through lungs.
- Jellyfish (Cnidaria): Has a soft body, lives in water, and has tentacles that can sting.
Write in brief about progressive changes in animal classification.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
The classification of animals has evolved over time as scientists gained a deeper understanding of their structure, genetics, and evolutionary history. The following are the major progressive changes in animal classification:
- 1. Two-Kingdom Classification (Carl Linnaeus - 1735): Initially, organisms were classified into only two kingdoms—Plantae and Animalia. However, this system failed to differentiate microorganisms and fungi.
- 2. Five-Kingdom Classification (Robert Whittaker - 1969): With the advancement of microbiology, the five-kingdom system was introduced, dividing organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. This classification was based on cell structure, body organization, and mode of nutrition.
- 3. Modern Phylogenetic Classification: This system, based on evolutionary relationships (phylogeny), uses DNA sequencing and molecular studies to classify animals. It follows the three-domain system introduced by Carl Woese, dividing life into Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
- 4. Current Classification Based on Cladistics: Modern classification follows a branch-based system known as Cladistics, where organisms are grouped based on shared common ancestors rather than just physical traits.
The progressive changes in classification have improved our understanding of biodiversity, evolution, and genetic relationships among species.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Animal classification has changed over time as scientists learned more about living things. Here’s how it evolved:
- Earlier, all living things were classified into just two groups—plants and animals.
- Later, a five-kingdom system was introduced, which also included bacteria, fungi, and microscopic organisms.
- Scientists then started classifying animals based on their evolutionary history and DNA similarities.
- Now, a new method called Cladistics is used, which groups animals based on their common ancestors.
As technology improves, scientists keep refining the way animals are classified to better understand their relationships and evolution.
What is the exact difference between grades of organization and symmetry? Explain with examples.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
1. Grades of Organization:
Grades of organization refer to the level of complexity in the body structure of an organism. It represents how cells are arranged to form tissues, organs, and organ systems.
| Grade of Organization | Characteristics | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Cellular Level | Body is made up of loosely connected cells without tissues. | Sponges (Phylum Porifera) |
| Tissue Level | Cells are grouped into tissues, but no organs are formed. | Jellyfish (Phylum Cnidaria) |
| Organ Level | Different tissues work together to form an organ. | Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes) |
| Organ System Level | Organs work together to form a complete system. | Humans, Frogs, Fish (Phylum Chordata) |
2. Symmetry:
Symmetry refers to how the body of an organism can be divided into equal halves. Based on body structure, animals are classified into different types of symmetry:
- Asymmetry: Body cannot be divided into equal halves. Example: Sponges.
- Radial Symmetry: Body can be divided into identical halves through multiple planes passing through a central axis. Example: Starfish, Jellyfish.
- Bilateral Symmetry: Body can be divided into two equal halves by a single plane. Example: Humans, Fish, Insects.
Difference Between Grades of Organization and Symmetry:
| Aspect | Grades of Organization | Symmetry |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Refers to the structural complexity of an organism. | Refers to how an organism's body can be divided into identical halves. |
| Classification | Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System levels. | Asymmetry, Radial Symmetry, Bilateral Symmetry. |
| Example | Sponges (Cellular), Cnidarians (Tissue), Flatworms (Organ), Humans (Organ System). | Sponges (Asymmetry), Starfish (Radial), Humans (Bilateral). |
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
The grades of organization and symmetry are two different ways to classify animals based on their body structure.
Grades of Organization:
- It tells us how complex an animal's body is.
- Animals can have simple cells (like sponges) or well-developed organs (like humans).
- For example, a jellyfish has tissues, but a human has many organs working together.
Symmetry:
- It describes how an animal's body can be divided into equal halves.
- Some animals, like sponges, don’t have symmetry.
- Starfish have radial symmetry, while humans have bilateral symmetry.
Key Difference: Grades of organization show how complex an animal is, while symmetry shows how their body is shaped.
Answer in brief.
Give scientific classification of shark up to class.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Sharks belong to the phylum Chordata and are classified as follows:
| Taxonomic Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Subphylum | Vertebrata |
| Class | Chondrichthyes |
Sharks belong to the class Chondrichthyes, which includes cartilaginous fishes such as rays and skates.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Sharks are large marine animals that belong to a group called Chordates. They have a backbone and are classified as follows:
- They belong to the kingdom Animalia because they are living organisms.
- Their phylum is Chordata because they have a notochord.
- Since they have a backbone, they are in the subphylum Vertebrata.
- Sharks belong to the class Chondrichthyes, meaning their skeleton is made of cartilage instead of bones.
Answer in brief.
Write four distinguishing characters of phylum- Echinodermata.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Phylum Echinodermata includes marine animals with spiny skin and a unique body structure. The distinguishing features are:
- They have radial symmetry in adults but show bilateral symmetry in the larval stage.
- Their body is covered with a calcareous endoskeleton (internal skeleton made of calcium carbonate).
- They have a unique water vascular system used for movement and capturing food.
- Echinoderms have tube feet that help in locomotion.
- they are called echinoderms because calcareous spines are present on the body of these animals.
- their skeleton is made up of calcareous spines/ossicles (plates).
- they show radial symmetry in adult stage whereas they show bilateral symmetry in larval stage.
- these animals have the ability of regeneration.
- they are found only in oceans.
Examples: Starfish, Sea Urchin, Sea Cucumber.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Echinoderms are sea animals with spiny skin. They have special features such as:
- They have a round or star-like body with a central axis.
- Their body is covered with a hard shell made of calcium.
- They have a water tube system inside their body, which helps them move.
- They use tiny tube feet to walk on the sea floor.
Examples of echinoderms are starfish and sea urchins.
Distinguish between butterfly and bat with the help of four distinguishing properties.
Solution:
| Butterfly | Bat |
|---|---|
| Belongs to the phylum Arthropoda. | Belongs to the phylum Chordata. |
| Invertebrate (does not have a backbone). | Vertebrate (has a backbone). |
| Wings are made of scales and supported by a thin exoskeleton. | Wings are made of a skin membrane stretched over bones. |
| Cold-blooded (ectothermic) and cannot regulate body temperature. | Warm-blooded (endothermic) and can regulate body temperature. |
To which phylum does Cockroach belong? Justify your answer with scientific reasons.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
The cockroach belongs to the phylum Arthropoda. It is classified under this phylum due to the following characteristics:
- It has a segmented body divided into head, thorax, and abdomen.
- It possesses jointed appendages, which is a key characteristic of arthropods.
- Its body is covered with a hard chitinous exoskeleton for protection.
- It has an open circulatory system and breathes through spiracles and tracheal tubes.
- The nervous system is ventral, and it has paired ventral nerve cords.
- It shows the presence of jointed appendages.
- It is triploblastic, eucoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical, and segmented.
- It has a chitinous exoskeleton around its body.
- It respires with the help of tracheal system.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
A cockroach is an arthropod because:
- It has a hard outer shell (exoskeleton) that protects its body.
- Its body is divided into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen.
- It has six jointed legs, which help it move quickly.
- It breathes through tiny holes in its body called spiracles.
Example: Other insects like ants, grasshoppers, and beetles also belong to the same phylum.
Though tortoise lives on land as well as in water, it cannot be included in class Amphibia.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
The tortoise belongs to the class Reptilia, not Amphibia, due to the following reasons:
- Body Covering: It has a dry, scaly exoskeleton, whereas amphibians have moist, glandular skin.
- Eggs: Tortoises lay hard-shelled eggs on land, while amphibians lay soft, jelly-coated eggs in water.
- Respiration: Tortoises breathe only through lungs throughout their life, whereas amphibians have dual respiration (skin and lungs).
- Development: Amphibians have a larval stage (e.g., tadpoles in frogs), but tortoises do not undergo metamorphosis.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
A tortoise may live on land and water, but it is not an amphibian. It is a reptile because:
- It has a hard shell and dry skin, unlike frogs or salamanders, which have moist skin.
- It breathes only through its lungs, while amphibians can breathe through their skin and lungs.
- It lays eggs with a hard shell on land, whereas amphibians lay jelly-like eggs in water.
- It does not have a tadpole-like stage like frogs do.
Example: Other reptiles like crocodiles, lizards, and snakes also do not belong to the amphibian class.
Our body irritates if it comes in contact with a jellyfish.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Jellyfish belong to the phylum Cnidaria, and their tentacles contain specialized cells called cnidocytes, which have stinging structures called nematocysts. When a jellyfish touches the skin, these nematocysts release venom, causing:
- Skin irritation, redness, and itching.
- Burning pain and, in severe cases, allergic reactions.
- Sometimes, systemic effects like nausea, dizziness, or breathing difficulty.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Jellyfish have tiny stinging cells in their tentacles that inject venom when touched. This causes:
- Redness, itching, and burning pain on the skin.
- Sometimes, swelling or allergic reactions.
- In severe cases, dizziness or difficulty in breathing.
Example: Other cnidarians like sea anemones and corals also have stinging cells.
All vertebrates are chordates, but all chordates are not vertebrates.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Chordates belong to the phylum Chordata and have three key characteristics during some stage of their life:
- Notochord: A flexible, rod-like structure present at some stage of development.
- Dorsal nerve cord: A hollow nerve cord located dorsally.
- Pharyngeal gill slits: Present during the embryonic stage.
However, not all chordates have a vertebral column. Chordates are divided into two groups:
- Non-vertebrate chordates: These lack a vertebral column. Examples include Amphioxus (Lancelet) and Tunicates (Sea Squirts).
- Vertebrates: These have a well-developed vertebral column. Examples include fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
All animals with a backbone (like fish, birds, and mammals) are vertebrates. However, some chordates do not have a backbone but still share similar features, such as:
- A flexible rod-like structure called a notochord.
- A nerve cord along their back.
- Openings (gill slits) in the throat region at some stage.
Example: Animals like sea squirts and lancelets are chordates but not vertebrates because they do not have a backbone.
Balanoglossus is a connecting link between non-chordates and chordates.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Balanoglossus is classified under Hemichordata and shows characteristics of both non-chordates and chordates, making it a connecting link.
Non-chordate Features:
- Body Segmentation: Similar to invertebrates.
- Open Circulatory System: Like non-chordates.
- Proboscis and Collar: Unique features not seen in vertebrates.
Chordate Features:
- Notochord-like Structure: Present in the collar region.
- Dorsal Nerve Cord: Similar to chordates but not well developed.
- Gill Slits: Used for respiration like in chordates.
Thus, Balanoglossus bridges the evolutionary gap between invertebrates and vertebrates.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Balanoglossus is an animal that shares features of both chordates (animals with a backbone) and non-chordates (animals without a backbone), making it a connecting link.
Non-chordate Features:
- Its body is soft and worm-like, like many invertebrates.
- It has an open circulatory system.
Chordate Features:
- It has gill slits for breathing.
- It has a simple nerve cord like vertebrates.
Example: It helps scientists understand how invertebrates evolved into vertebrates.
Give scientific reason
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Reptiles are classified as poikilothermic (cold-blooded) animals. Their body temperature is not constant and fluctuates with the environmental temperature. They lack an efficient thermoregulation system like mammals and birds. Instead, they rely on external sources to regulate their body temperature.
For example, a lizard basks in the sun to increase its body temperature and seeks shade or burrows underground to cool down.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Reptiles cannot maintain a fixed body temperature like humans. If the surroundings are hot, their body becomes warm; if it is cold, their body cools down. This is why you often see snakes and lizards sunbathing to stay warm.
Answer the question by choosing the correct option.
Which special cells are present in the body of sponges (Porifera)?
- Collar cells
- Cnidoblasts
- Germ cells
- Ectodermal cells
Solution:
The correct answer is Collar cells. Sponges (Phylum Porifera) possess specialized cells called choanocytes or collar cells, which help in water circulation and food capture.
Answer the question by choosing the correct option.
Which of the following animal's body shows bilateral symmetry?
- Starfish
- Jellyfish
- Earthworm
- Sponge
Solution:
The correct answer is Earthworm. Bilateral symmetry means that the body can be divided into two equal halves through a single plane. Earthworms exhibit bilateral symmetry, whereas starfish and jellyfish have radial symmetry, and sponges have asymmetrical bodies.
Answer the question by choosing the correct option.
Which of the following animals can regenerate its broken body part?
- Cockroach
- Frog
- Sparrow
- Starfish
Solution:
The correct answer is Starfish. Starfish (Phylum Echinodermata) have the ability to regenerate lost arms. Some species can even regenerate an entire body from a single arm.
Answer the question by choosing the correct option.
Bat is included in which class?
- Amphibia
- Reptilia
- Aves
- Mammalia
Solution:
The correct answer is Mammalia. Although bats can fly like birds (Aves), they belong to the class Mammalia because they have mammary glands, give birth to live young, and have a body covered with hair.
Complete the following chart.
| Body Cavity | Germ Layer | Phylum |
|---|---|---|
| Absent | ______ | Porifera |
| Absent | Triploblastic | ______ |
| Pseudocoelom | ______ | Aschelminthes |
| Present | ______ | Arthropoda |
Solution
| Body Cavity | Germ Layer | Phylum |
|---|---|---|
| Absent | Diploblastic | Porifera |
| Absent | Triploblastic | Platyhelminthes |
| Pseudocoelom | Triploblastic | Aschelminthes |
| Present | Triploblastic | Arthropoda |
Complete the following chart.
| Type | Character | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Cyclostomata | ______ | ______ |
| ______ | Gill respiration | ______ |
| Amphibia | ______ | ______ |
| ______ | ______ | Whale |
| ______ | Poikilotherms | ______ |
Solution
| Type | Character | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Cyclostomata | Jawless mouth | Myxine |
| Pisces | Gill respiration | Rohu |
| Amphibia | Aquatic and aerial respiration | Frog |
| Mammalia | Mammary glands | Whale |
| Reptilia | Poikilotherms | Lizard |
Sketch, Label, and Classify
Solution
Instructions:
- Draw each organism manually and upload the images.
- Label the important parts of each organism clearly.
- Use the given classification details for reference.
1. Hydra
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Cnidaria
- Class: Hydrozoa
- Order: Anthoathecata
- Family: Hydridae
- Genus: Hydra
- Species: Varies
2. Jellyfish
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Cnidaria
- Class: Scyphozoa
- Order: Semaeostomeae
- Family: Varies
- Genus: Aurelia
- Species: Varies
3. Planaria
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Platyhelminthes
- Class: Turbellaria
- Order: Tricladida
- Family: Planariidae
- Genus: Planaria
- Species: Varies
4. Roundworm
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Nematoda
- Class: Secernentea
- Order: Ascaridida
- Family: Ascarididae
- Genus: Ascaris
- Species: lumbricoides
5. Butterfly
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Class: Insecta
- Order: Lepidoptera
- Family: Nymphalidae
- Genus: Varies
- Species: Varies
6. Earthworm
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Annelida
- Class: Clitellata
- Order: Opisthopora
- Family: Lumbricidae
- Genus: Lumbricus
- Species: terrestris
7. Octopus
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Mollusca
- Class: Cephalopoda
- Order: Octopoda
- Family: Octopodidae
- Genus: Octopus
- Species: Varies
8. Starfish
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Echinodermata
- Class: Asteroidea
- Order: Forcipulatida
- Family: Asteriidae
- Genus: Asterias
- Species: rubens
9. Shark
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Chondrichthyes
- Order: Carcharhiniformes
- Family: Carcharhinidae
- Genus: Carcharhinus
- Species: varies
10. Frog
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Amphibia
- Order: Anura
- Family: Ranidae
- Genus: Rana
- Species: tigrina
11. Wall Lizard
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Reptilia
- Order: Squamata
- Family: Gekkonidae
- Genus: Hemidactylus
- Species: frenatus
12. Pigeon
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Aves
- Order: Columbiformes
- Family: Columbidae
- Genus: Columba
- Species: livia
11. Label the following.
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- Top-left: Hydra (Phylum: Cnidaria)
- Top-center: Jellyfish (Phylum: Cnidaria)
- Top-right: Nereis (Phylum: Annelida)
- Bottom-left: Planaria (Phylum: Platyhelminthes)
- Bottom-center: Fish (Phylum: Chordata, Class: Pisces)