CH:8 Cell Biology and Biotechnology Solutions Class 10th | Cell Biology and Biotechnology Questions And Answers SSC Class 10
Fill in the blank and complete the statement.
Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used for --- --- ---
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used for improving the genetic quality of livestock. These techniques help in selective breeding, ensuring desirable traits in animals for increased productivity and better disease resistance.
Fill in the blank and complete the statement.
--- --- --- --- is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Stem cell technology is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning. It allows scientists to regenerate damaged tissues, treat genetic disorders, and develop new medical therapies.
Fill in the blank and complete the statement.
The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is --- --- ---.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
The disease related to insulin synthesis is diabetes. It occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot use insulin properly, leading to high blood sugar levels.
Fill in the blank and complete the statement.
Government of India has encouraged the ______ for improving the productivity by launching NKM-16.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
The Government of India has encouraged pisciculture for improving productivity by launching NKM-16. Pisciculture refers to the breeding and rearing of fish to enhance fish production and meet food demands.
Match the pairs.
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| Interferon | Viral infection |
| Factor | Hemophilia |
| Somatostatin | Dwarfness |
| Interleukin | Cancer |
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
The correct matching of pairs is as follows:
| Column A | Correct Match (Column B) |
|---|---|
| Interferon | Viral infection |
| Factor | Hemophilia |
| Somatostatin | Dwarfness |
| Interleukin | Cancer |
Interferons help in fighting viral infections, Factor is related to hemophilia (a bleeding disorder), Somatostatin is associated with growth hormone regulation (dwarfness), and Interleukin is involved in immune responses and cancer treatment.
Each of these biological substances plays a role in different diseases. Interferon helps with virus infections, Factor helps in blood clotting disorders, Somatostatin controls growth, and Interleukin supports the immune system to fight cancer.
Rewrite the following wrong statement after correction.
Wrong Statement: Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in non-genetic technique.
Corrected Statement: Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in genetic technique.
Rewrite the following wrong statement after correction.
Wrong Statement: Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into soyabean.
Corrected Statement: Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into cotton.
Write short note on Biotechnology: Professional uses.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Biotechnology is a branch of science that involves the use of living organisms, cells, and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products beneficial to society. It plays a crucial role in various professional fields.
Professional Uses of Biotechnology:
- Medicine: Development of vaccines, antibiotics, gene therapy, and insulin production.
- Agriculture: Genetically modified crops for higher yield and pest resistance.
- Environmental Science: Bioremediation for pollution control and waste management.
- Industrial Biotechnology: Enzyme production for food, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels.
- Forensic Science: DNA fingerprinting for criminal investigations and parental testing.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Biotechnology is the use of living things to make useful products. It helps in many fields:
- In Medicine: It is used to make vaccines, antibiotics, and insulin for diabetic patients.
- In Farming: Scientists create improved crops that grow faster and resist pests.
- For the Environment: Biotechnology helps clean pollution using bacteria.
- In Factories: It is used to make cheese, yogurt, and medicines.
- In Police Work: DNA technology helps find criminals and identify people.
Write short note on Importance of medicinal plants.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Medicinal plants have been used in traditional and modern medicine for treating various diseases. They contain bioactive compounds that provide therapeutic benefits.
Importance of Medicinal Plants:
- Natural Source of Medicine: Plants like neem, tulsi, and aloe vera have medicinal properties.
- Used in Ayurveda and Homeopathy: Many herbs are part of alternative medical treatments.
- Rich in Antioxidants: They help in boosting immunity and preventing diseases.
- Eco-friendly and Sustainable: Herbal medicines are biodegradable and safe for the environment.
- Economic Value: Many medicinal plants are exported for making herbal drugs and cosmetics.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Medicinal plants are special plants that help in curing diseases. They have been used for a long time in traditional medicine.
- Help in Treating Diseases: Plants like neem and tulsi fight infections.
- Used in Herbal Medicines: Ayurveda and Homeopathy use plant-based treatments.
- Boost Immunity: Many medicinal plants protect our body from illnesses.
- Safe for Nature: Herbal medicines do not harm the environment.
- Useful in Making Cosmetics: Some plants are used in creams, shampoos, and oils.
Which products produced through biotechnology do you use in your daily life?
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Biotechnology has contributed to the production of various products that are widely used in everyday life. These products are derived from biological processes and genetically modified organisms.
Biotechnology-Based Products Used in Daily Life:
- Medicines: Vaccines, antibiotics, and insulin are produced using biotechnology.
- Dairy Products: Cheese and yogurt are made using genetically modified bacteria.
- Genetically Modified Crops: Crops like Bt cotton and pest-resistant soybeans improve food quality.
- Biodegradable Plastics: Eco-friendly plastics made from plant-based sources.
- Detergents: Enzyme-based detergents break down stains efficiently.
- Fermented Foods: Bread, beer, and vinegar are produced using biotechnology.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Biotechnology helps in making many useful things that we use daily. Some examples include:
- Medicines: Vaccines and antibiotics help us fight diseases.
- Dairy Products: Yogurt and cheese are made with helpful bacteria.
- Better Crops: Some plants are made stronger to grow better.
- Eco-Friendly Plastics: Some plastics break down naturally and don’t harm nature.
- Detergents: Special soaps clean clothes better with enzymes.
- Foods: Bread and vinegar are made with special microbes.
Which precautions will you take during spraying of pesticides?
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Pesticides contain chemical compounds that can be harmful if not handled properly. Proper precautions should be taken to ensure safety while spraying pesticides.
Precautions While Spraying Pesticides:
- Wear Protective Gear: Use gloves, masks, goggles, and long-sleeved clothes.
- Check Weather Conditions: Avoid spraying on windy or rainy days.
- Maintain Safe Distance: Keep people and animals away during spraying.
- Follow Recommended Dosage: Use only the specified amount to prevent excess pollution.
- Avoid Direct Contact: Do not touch the pesticide with bare hands.
- Wash Hands and Clothes: Clean up thoroughly after spraying.
- Store Pesticides Safely: Keep them in a locked and labeled container away from children.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Spraying pesticides can be dangerous if not done carefully. Some important safety steps are:
- Wear Safety Clothes: Gloves, masks, and goggles protect from chemicals.
- Check the Weather: Do not spray when it's too windy or rainy.
- Keep Others Away: Make sure no people or animals are near while spraying.
- Use the Right Amount: Too much pesticide can be harmful.
- Do Not Touch Pesticides: Avoid direct contact with hands.
- Wash Up After Spraying: Clean your hands and clothes properly.
- Store Pesticides Safely: Keep them in a secure place away from children.
Why some of the organs in the human body are most valuable?
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Certain human organs are considered most valuable because they perform essential functions that sustain life. These organs are vital for survival and cannot be easily replaced.
Most Valuable Organs and Their Importance:
- Brain: Controls body functions, memory, emotions, and decision-making.
- Heart: Pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body.
- Lungs: Facilitate breathing and oxygen exchange.
- Liver: Detoxifies blood, produces bile, and regulates metabolism.
- Kidneys: Filter waste and excess fluids from the blood.
- Eyes: Provide vision and help in perception.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Some parts of our body are very important because they help us stay alive and healthy.
- Brain: Helps us think, remember, and control the body.
- Heart: Pumps blood to all parts of the body.
- Lungs: Help us breathe and take in oxygen.
- Liver: Cleans our blood and helps with digestion.
- Kidneys: Remove waste from the body.
- Eyes: Help us see the world around us.
Explain the importance of fruit processing in human life.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Fruit processing is the method of preserving fruits for long-term storage and consumption. It enhances food safety, reduces waste, and adds value to raw fruits.
Importance of Fruit Processing:
- Prevention of Spoilage: Increases shelf life by reducing microbial growth.
- Availability: Fruits are available in different forms year-round.
- Value Addition: Processed fruits like jams, juices, and dried fruits are marketable.
- Nutritional Benefits: Processing retains essential nutrients and vitamins.
- Economic Growth: Supports industries and generates employment.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Fruit processing helps keep fruits fresh and makes them useful in different ways.
- Longer Shelf Life: Fruits don’t spoil quickly.
- Easy to Eat: Fruits are turned into juice, jam, and dried snacks.
- Healthy Benefits: Processed fruits still have vitamins.
- Available All Year: Even seasonal fruits can be stored.
- Good for Business: Many people earn money by selling processed fruits.
Explain the meaning of vaccination.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Vaccination is the process of administering a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen to stimulate the immune system and develop immunity against diseases.
Definition: Vaccination is a preventive method where an antigenic substance (vaccine) is introduced into the body to trigger the production of antibodies and memory cells, protecting against future infections.
Formula for Immunity Development:
$$ Vaccine + Immune System \rightarrow Antibodies + Memory Cells $$
Importance of Vaccination:
- Prevents Diseases: Protects against life-threatening infections.
- Boosts Immunity: Helps the body fight infections more effectively.
- Reduces Outbreaks: Helps in controlling epidemics and pandemics.
- Safe for All Ages: Given to infants, children, and adults.
Solution 2: Simple and Understandable Answer
Vaccination is a way to protect people from diseases before they get sick.
- How It Works: A small, weak part of the disease is put in the body.
- Body's Response: The body learns to fight the disease.
- Protection: If the real disease comes, the body is ready to stop it.
- Examples: Polio, measles, and COVID-19 vaccines.
Complete the following chart.
Solution 1: Scientific and Written Exam Answer
Complete the following chart.
Correct Answers:
Identify and complete the following correlation.
Insulin : Diabetes :: Interleukin : Cancer
Identify and complete the following correlation.
Interferon : Viral infection :: Erythropoietin : Anemia
Identify and complete the following correlation.
Somatotropin : Dwarfness :: Factor VIII : Hemophilia
Identify and complete the following correlation.
White revolution : Dairy :: Blue revolution : Fisheries
Write a comparative note on the usefulness and harmfulness of biotechnology.
Biotechnology is the application of biological techniques to develop products and processes that improve human life. While it offers numerous advantages, it also has certain drawbacks.
| Usefulness of Biotechnology | Harmfulness of Biotechnology |
|---|---|
| 1. Agricultural Benefits: Genetically modified (GM) crops increase yield and resistance to pests and diseases. | 1. Environmental Impact: GM crops may lead to a loss of biodiversity and unintended ecological consequences. |
| 2. Medical Advancements: Used in producing vaccines, gene therapy, and personalized medicine. | 2. Ethical Concerns: Genetic modifications in humans and animals raise ethical and moral concerns. |
| 3. Industrial Applications: Used in biofuel production, waste management, and pollution control. | 3. Risk of Bioterrorism: Misuse of biotechnology for developing harmful biological weapons. |
| 4. Disease Prevention: Helps in diagnosing and treating genetic disorders and infectious diseases. | 4. Health Hazards: Long-term effects of GM foods and bioengineered drugs are still uncertain. |
| 5. Environmental Protection: Bioremediation techniques help clean oil spills and reduce pollution. | 5. Economic Issues: High costs of biotech research and dependence on big corporations for biotech seeds. |
While biotechnology offers numerous benefits in health, agriculture, and industry, its risks must be carefully managed through regulations and ethical considerations.